Abstract

Our research discusses this to study the most important problems that faced the educational and cognitive aspect in Iraq in general and Basra in particular, and the extent of developments that occurred in that aspect due to the urban development that the country witnessed in the first half of the twentieth century, as this aspect witnessed the construction of a number of primary and secondary schools in various school stages, which led to an increase in the number of pupils and students in the city of Basra, especially the female component, after female education was regressing at that time due to social customs and traditions that prevented parents from sending their daughters to have their education in schools, the research also discussed the most important factors that strengthened the educational aspect in Basra and helped to develop it, including the establishment of a number of libraries and printing presses that helped the development of science and knowledge in the city of Basra, especially after the number of learners increased there. The research also deals with illiteracy eradication schools and adult education because of their importance in society. We conclude the research by studying the most important printing presses in Basra during the research period and their role in spreading culture and thought in society