Abstract

In order to protect the natural resources and ensure sustainable development, precise implementation of environmental laws is important in Pakistan. Although there is a strong legal environment, the practical implementation of environmental laws faces several challenges. This study focuses on the practical challenges faced in implementing environmental laws in Pakistan. Using comprehensive case studies, various illustrations of environmental law implementation issues are brought to consideration, revealing the intricacies involved in dealing with environmental hitches. The analysis accentuates the need to appreciate how legal structures interact with realities on the ground. The policy implications derived from the study underscore the importance of building institutional capacity, restricting corruption, and creating public awareness and involvement. In addition, international collaboration and assistance are considered pompous for resolving transboundary ecological problems. This study is a significant contribution to the literature as it provides empirical evidence of implementation gaps of environmental laws in Pakistan. It supports holistic approaches that combine legal reforms with socio-political tactics to ensure environmental sustainability. However, this study is meant to provide policymakers and stakeholders with pathways towards overcoming the challenges and creating a culture of environmental supervision in Pakistan