Abstract

The following criminological study examines drug trafficking in Pakistan, concentrating on the motivations for engaging in this illegal trade and the methods employed by traffickers. The study collects data from a variety of secondary sources based on a secondary data collection methodology. The primary objectives of the study are to determine the motivations behind drug trafficking and to examine the transportation routes and clandestine methods employed by drug traffickers. Due to the increase in opium cultivation in neighboring Afghanistan, the study reveals that drug trafficking in Pakistan has increased. Increased profits result from the use of strategic techniques by traffickers to exploit authorities and manipulate drug prices. The transit route through Pakistan has become the busiest corridor for cannabis and heroin smuggling from Afghanistan. In addition, there has been an increase in the trafficking of methamphetamine, indicating an increase in the prevalence of synthetic substances in the country. Drug traffickers utilize multiple modes of conveyance, including land, sea, and air. The study specifies three primary motivations for Pakistani drug traffickers: profit and financial gain, exploitation of vulnerable populations, and financing terrorism. To prevent drug trafficking, the study recommends bolstering border security, promoting regional cooperation, combating corruption within law enforcement agencies, and prioritizing economic development and employment creation. These strategies seek to disrupt drug trafficking networks, enhance law enforcement efforts, and provide alternative routes for individuals who are susceptible to drug use and trafficking. The findings of this criminological study contribute to a better understanding of the complex dynamics of drug trafficking in Pakistan and have practical implications for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and other parties involved in combating this illicit trade. By instituting effective countermeasures and law enforcement strategies, Pakistan can mitigate the negative effects of drug trafficking and create a safer, drug-free society