Abstract

This study uses thematic analysis to explore the dominant themes in the most popular rap songs by Pakistani artists on YouTube from 2019 to 2021. Originating in the United States in the 1970s, rap music has become a global phenomenon, influencing diverse cultures, including Pakistan's. The literature review traces rap's roots in African American culture as a form of resistance and social commentary, and its integration into Pakistani music, which reflects sociopolitical instability and cultural fusion. The analysis identifies dominant themes in Pakistani rap, such as critiques of political corruption and social injustice, celebration of cultural identity and heritage, and portrayals of gender roles and misogyny. These themes underscore rap's role in addressing societal challenges, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting social critique and empowerment. Despite criticism from conservative segments, rap music in Pakistan continues to gain popularity, providing a platform for marginalized communities. The study concludes by highlighting rap's significance in shaping cultural and social discourse and suggests future research directions, including examining rap's impact on listeners' perceptions and conducting comparative studies with rap music from other countries.