Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to examine the disparities that exist between rural and urban populations in achieving key targets of sustainable development. It also aimed to assess the various economic and social impacts of global rural-urban migration patterns. Rural-urban migration has become a significant global phenomenon in recent decades. Each year, millions of people move from agricultural communities in rural areas to urban centers worldwide in search of better livelihood opportunities and standards of living. However, this massive population shift also carries considerable socioeconomic consequences for both originating and receiving locations. A mixed methods approach was utilized. Quantitative data on key indicators related to poverty, education, health access and infrastructure were compiled from international sources for 10 case study countries spanning different regions. Official surveys, censuses and databases such as the World Bank and WHO were referenced. Qualitative case studies involving interviews, field visits and secondary data analysis were also conducted in selected rural villages and urban centers within the case study nations.

Methodology: The quantitative results showed stark differences between rural and urban communities across indicators of sustainable progress. Rural populations suffered much higher poverty rates, lower levels of human capital development, and far less access to basic services like electricity, sanitation and healthcare compared to their urban counterparts in the nations studied. The qualitative case studies provided depth around the social and economic consequences of these disparities. Rural communities faced difficulties strengthening livelihoods due to factors such as environmental vulnerability, lack of opportunities, and inadequate public investment. Simultaneously, rapid urbanization exerted pressures on infrastructure, housing availability, and social cohesion in receiving urban centers. Mass migration was also found to deplete human resources in sending villages while challenging assimilation for migrants.

Conclusion: In conclusion, significant disparities persist between rural and urban populations globally in achieving sustainable economic and social development outcomes. Rural areas confront unique vulnerabilities that drive distortionary migration pressures, while growing cities struggle with inequitable expansion and overburdened services. Integrated territorial development approaches are needed to address rural livelihood challenges, support more planned urbanization, and foster balanced growth across communities -aiming to curb distortionary migration trends and realize equitable progress for all.