Abstract

The Pak-Afghan border fencing has significantly impacted the lives of communities residing on both sides. While the fencing has enhanced surveillance and curtailed age-old cross-border movement, it has not entirely closed loopholes exploited for smuggling, human trafficking, illegal crossings, and terrorism. Despite a notable reduction in such activities, the fencing has introduced new challenges for borderland populations, including restricted mobility and socioeconomic disruptions. This study highlights these challenges and proposes a comprehensive way forward. Effective border management, robust surveillance systems, and bilateral cooperation between Pakistan and Afghanistan can transform the border into a hub for trade and constructive activities. Political leadership plays a crucial role in addressing these issues, promoting economic development, and fostering peace for local communities. By examining the Pak-Afghan dynamics through the lens of contemporary international relations, this research provides insights into achieving stability and mutual benefits for both nations.