Art and Architecture of Islamic Period Tomb at Choti Hindira, Kot Chutta, District Dera Ghazi Khan

Abstract

Due to its geographical location, the province of Punjab has played a significant role throughout history, boasting numerous archaeological sites and historical monuments spanning various ruling dynasties. Among these, the most splendid monuments belong to the Muslim period, encompassing both secular and religious structures. Unfortunately, many of these Muslim-period monuments, particularly those situated in the border areas of the province, are in an advanced state of decay due to neglect by the relevant governmental departments and instances of vandalism. Among these neglected monuments are some forgotten tombs located in Dera Ghazi Khan, collectively known as Choti Hindira. The Islamic architecture of the Subcontinent evolved under the influence of various cultures, including Persian, Byzantine, Roman, and ultimately Central Asian architecture. This research focuses on studying the art and architecture of the unidentified tombs within Choti Hindira graveyard. The primary objective is to thoroughly document these structures, ascertain the period of the tombs through analysis of their architectural style, construction materials, associated history, and comparative studies. Photography and precise measurements, along with an examination of the art and architecture, are integral components of this research. The study has determined that the ruined massive wall of Choti Hindira dates back to the early Muslim architecture of the 12th century, while the two tombs adorned with glazed tiles are from the early 18th century C.E