The Administrative Policies of James Abbott in Abbottabad during British Rule (1849-1853)

Abstract

The second half of nineteenth century experienced an abrupt change of administration in British India when reforms were carried out in most parts of the Empire. The same change can be observed in policies reflecting the British administration. In this context, British administration in Hazara under the administrative skills of James Abbott is of prior consideration. Different empires ruled over Hazara in different times ranging from the early expeditions of Alexander the great to British advent of India and bringing the region of Hazara under their dominion. But, those empires had poor administration regarding the region and there were no developmental measures in Hazara. They only conquered for their interest. The British period had started a new chapter in the history of Hazara as it was quite different in its policy making and interest level. British Claimed that they were the guardian of a system of connected markets, maintained by its means of military power, business and legislation. Especially the period of James Abbott brought remarkable changes in Hazara. A member of a family of four brothers, all of whom had great innovative services to British Empire at different periods. James Abbot proved his skills and creativity by heeding a number of reforms in a region while working as the first deputy commissioner. James Abbott played an important role in development of district Abbottabad. The fact that Abbott was among few colonial officers who earned the reverence of local people which distinguished him from the rest of his ranks and file. His role was extraordinary for the Muslim tribes by assisted them in getting arm.  The administration of James Abbott had positive impact on natives. He bring reforms in education, judicial system, revenue collection, property rights and included various administrative reforms that lasted for so long.