Assessing the Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Health in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease; A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, making the investigation of modifiable risk factors like vitamin D crucial.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD.

Methodology: A prospective cohort design was conducted over two years from January 2022 to December 2023. A total of 240 persons with CKD and vitamin D insufficiency were enrolled in the research. At baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, standardized questionnaires and clinical examinations were used to gather data. Version 25 of SPSS was used for statistical analysis. To compare the results between the vitamin D and placebo groups, t-tests were used. P-values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.

Results: The vitamin D group demonstrated significant improvements in cardiovascular parameters over 24 months compared to the placebo group, including systolic blood pressure (BP) (116.04 ± 8.95 mmHg vs. 128.76 ± 9.89 mmHg; p < 0.001), diastolic BP (70.56 ± 6.45 mmHg vs. 74.01 ± 6.12 mmHg; p = 0.037), total cholesterol (191.45 ± 25.12 mg/dL vs. 198.54 ± 26.33 mg/dL; p = 0.022), and ejection fraction (66.28 ± 3.75% vs. 63.96 ± 4.16%; p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Given that vitamin D supplementation dramatically improves cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it may have a role in the control of cardiovascular risk.