The Efficacy of Bariatric Surgery in Managing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with obesity and is emerging as one of the most prevalent liver diseases globally. Bariatric surgery, a well-established intervention for morbid obesity, shows promise in improving hepatic outcomes in NAFLD patients.
Objective: This systematic review evaluates the impact of bariatric surgery on liver histology, biochemical outcomes, fibrosis progression, and overall metabolic benefits in patients with NAFLD.
Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from 2000 to 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies reporting liver outcomes post-bariatric surgery were included.
Results: Most studies reported significant reductions in hepatic steatosis and inflammation, with 85% resolution of steatosis in some cases. Fibrosis outcomes were variable, with some patients experiencing regression and others showing progression. Bariatric surgery also led to improvements in insulin sensitivity and reductions in systemic inflammation.
Conclusion: Bariatric surgery substantially benefits NAFLD treatment, particularly in reducing steatosis and inflammation. However, the inconsistent impact on fibrosis warrants further investigation.