Navigating the Doctoral Journey in Pakistan: The Impact of Research Struggles on Mental Health and Research Engagement Among PhD Scholars

Abstract

In recent years, university research in Pakistan has undergone notable developments and holds the potential for further transformation, however, numerous challenges persist. Drawing on data from 14 focus group discussions with PhD scholars across Pakistan, this study identified various barriers that hinder the advancement of university research, limiting the country's ability to promote the internationalization of higher education and to establish itself as a knowledge-based society. The findings underscore key challenges that coerce the positive progression of higher education research and impede meaningful improvements in the university research field. Additionally, the study examines the impact of research-related challenges on the mental well-being and research engagement of PhD students within the Pakistani higher education context. The reflexive thematic analysis of the qualitative data identified five critical factors influencing PhD students' mental health, research engagement, and capacity for innovative research: (a) the PhD process, (b) challenges encountered during research, (c) supervision quality, (d) post-degree career prospects, and (e) the overall quality of research in Pakistan. These findings underscore the necessity for enhanced supervisory practices, supportive institutional policies, targeted incentives for innovative research, and accessible mental health resources. Addressing these factors is essential to fostering an inclusive and nurturing academic environment for doctoral scholars. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for national and institutional initiatives aimed at strengthening research engagement among Pakistani academics and empowering them to contribute meaningfully to the global research landscape.