SOCIO-ECONOMIC DRIVERS OF WATER SECURITY AND THEIR IMPACTS ON WELLBEING IN CENTRAL PUNJAB

Abstract

Domestic water security is pivotal for ensuring human well-being; encompassing access to safe and reliable water resources This study investigated the socio-economic drivers of domestic water security and their impacts on household well-being in Central Punjab using a mixed-method approach. Data from 496 households were analyzed using SPSS. Results showed that income, age, and locality significantly affected access to clean water and overall well-being..."   Socio-economic variables such as age, level of income and disparities in access of water. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample. At the first stage two districts were selected purposively from the central Punjab i.e. Lahore and Faisalabad. At second stage two tehsils were selected one from each district though purposive sampling technique. At third stage of sampling 4 union/city councils (2 from each tehsil) were selected purposefully.  At fourth stage four localities were selected through purposive sampling technique. A sample of 496 respondents was selected randomly with the Fitz Gibbon table and counter verify through the online website calculator at the 5 percent error. Additionally, quantitative data was collected by using a well-organized interview schedule, while qualitative data was collected through four focus group discussions (FGDs) or an interview guide. SPSS was employed to analyze the data that has been collected. Thematic, descriptive, and inferential analyses were implemented to illustrate the findings. The findings highlight that socio-cultural factor, including age and income have a profound impact on physical health, mental well-being, and economic stability. The implications call for integrated policy interventions that prioritize equitable access to water resources and water-based governance to enhance domestic water security and improve overall well-being in the region. This research provides a foundation for future studies and policy formulation aimed at addressing water security challenges in similar socio-economic contexts.