Glass Ceiling in Pakistan’s Politics: Factors, Determinants and Strategies for Shattering

Abstract

The glass ceiling in Pakistan's politics represents a significant barrier hindering women's
ascent to leadership positions and equal participation. This study examines the factors and
determinants perpetuating the glass ceiling that impede women's progress in Pakistan's
male-dominated political landscape. The study was done by using the qualitative content
analysis technique and in-depth interviews of the female politicians and civil society
representatives. The study concluded that Pakistan has notable women leaders like
Benazir Bhutto and Fatima Jinnah and handsome number of reserved seats for females in
legislatures and legal and policy framework for enhancing females’ political participation
in political representation and, yet challenges persist. Addressing the glass ceiling
requires multifaceted efforts from government, civil society, and individuals to promote
inclusivity and support women's leadership development, ultimately enriching Pakistan's
political diversity and societal progress.