Environmental Awareness as a Moderator in the Servant Leadership & Environmental Performance Relationship

Abstract

This study examines the moderating effect of environmental awareness on the relationship

between servant leadership and environmental performance within organizational contexts.

Drawing on social learning theory and the natural resource-based view (NRBV) of the firm, we

propose that servant leadership has a positive influence on environmental performance, and that

this relationship is strengthened when employees and leaders possess high levels of environmental

awareness. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 417 employees and

managers across manufacturing in Islamabad and Lahore. Validated measurement scales adopted

from peer-reviewed literature were employed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and

hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that environmental awareness significantly moderates

the servant leadership, environmental performance link. The findings contribute to both theoretical

and practical domains, suggesting that organizations aiming to enhance environmental

performance should cultivate servant leadership behaviors while simultaneously investing in

environmental awareness programs. Implications for sustainable management, leadership

development, and corporate environmental strategy are discussed.