Socio-Cultural Hurdles to Participation of Pashtun Women in Politics: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abstract

Pashtun Women are expected to adhere to the norms and values in a very stringent manner. Deep-rooted in traditional norms, gender roles, and tribal customs are; the hurdles that they encounter are widespread and multifaceted. This Stuy examines the socio-cultural dynamics that restrict Pashtun women from fully participating in politics, portrayal on case studies, reports and interviews to reveal how these barriers operate at the family, community and institutional levels. Pashtun women face significant challenges rooted in patriarchal values, traditional gender roles, and cultural norms that discourage their involvement in political activities. Societal expectations, familial control, and resistance to female leadership in both public and private spheres further restrict women’s opportunities to engage in political discourse, decision-making, and leadership roles. Those Pashtun women who attempt to join politics face retaliation from the community and families through verbal harassment, pressure to withdraw and damage to their honour. These obstacles are shaped by a combination of a conservative cultural beliefs; limited educational opportunities, restricted mobility, and societal expectations which collectively suppress their political engagement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.By understanding these socio-cultural hurdles, this study aims to provide insights into potential reforms and support systems that could enhance political inclusion and participation for Pashtun women, thereby contributing to gender equality and inclusive governance in the country. These cultural codes act as a powerful barriers to women’s political participations. The central problem this research seeks to address is: What are the socio-cultural barriers that hinder women’s participation in politics within Pashtun society in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,This research adopts a qualitative approach, emphasizing non-numeric information. This research provides data-driven insights to inform policies and programs that can promote Pashtun women’s participation in politics. This study can disseminate findings to raise awareness among community, policymakers, stakeholders and general public about women’s political participation.