Linking Intellectual Capital, Financial Resources, and Corporate Social Responsibility to Organizational Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Green Supply Chain Management

Abstract

In response to growing environmental and social pressures, organizations are increasingly adopting green and responsible business strategies to achieve long-term sustainability. This study investigates the effects of intellectual capital (IC), financial resources (FR), and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on organizational sustainability performance (OSP), while emphasizing the mediating role of green supply chain management (GSCM). Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV), the research proposes that intangible assets, adequate financial capacity, and social commitment collectively enhance green operational practices that drive sustainable performance. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected from large manufacturing firms in emerging economies, and analyzed through PLS-SEM. Findings reveal that IC, FR, and CSR significantly influence GSCM adoption, which in turn positively impacts organizational sustainability performance. Moreover, GSCM fully mediates the relationships between the three predictors and sustainability outcomes, confirming its central role in translating internal and external resources into environmental and economic value. This study contributes to the sustainability and supply chain literature by highlighting how integrating intellectual, financial, and social resources through green practices can enhance firms’ long-term competitiveness and ecological responsibility.