GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE MICROWAVE STRATEGIES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BENZIDINE, DIAZENE, AND DIAMINE SCHIFF BASE METAL COMPLEXES

Abstract

The synthesis of Schiff base metal complexes using green and sustainable techniques has gained significant attention due to the growing demand for eco-friendly and energy-efficient chemical processes. This review focuses on the microwave-assisted synthesis of Schiff base derivatives, specifically targeting the preparation of benzidine, diazene, and diamine Schiff base metal complexes. Microwave-assisted techniques have proven to be effective in reducing reaction times, improving yields, and minimizing environmental impact, making them an ideal solution for sustainable chemistry. The review provides an overview of various green solvents, including water, ionic liquids, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂), which contribute to the sustainability of Schiff base synthesis. The article also discusses the biological activities of the synthesized metal complexes, highlighting their potential applications in pharmaceutical and industrial fields. This study consolidates recent advancements in the field and explores the challenges and future directions for developing green and sustainable microwave strategies for Schiff base synthesis.