A Multidimensional Analysis of Socio-Economic, Political, and Health-Related Discrimination Faced by the Christian Community in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Discrimination against minority communities has been a persistent feature of human societies throughout history. While numerous studies have explored various dimensions of marginalization, religion-based discrimination remains insufficiently examined, particularly in the context of Christian minorities in Pakistan. This study seeks to address this gap by offering a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic, political, and health-related challenges faced by the Christian community in Punjab.Aims and Objectives:This research investigates the multifaceted nature of systemic discrimination against Christians in Pakistan, focusing on economic disparities, political exclusion, cultural segregation, limited access to quality healthcare, and instances of religiously motivated violence. Despite constitutional provisions ensuring equality and religious freedom, these communities continue to encounter significant barriers to full social integration. The primary aim is to evaluate the quality of life of Christian individuals and illuminate the structural and institutional injustices they endure across social, political, economic, and health domains.Methodology:Employing a qualitative research design, the study utilized in-depth interviews with 11 Christian women selected through snowball sampling. Supplementary ethnographic observations were conducted to capture the nuanced experiences of social inclusion, healthcare access, and everyday discrimination.

Findings:While interpersonal relations between Christian respondents and members of the religious majority were generally amicable, dissatisfaction was expressed regarding the state's inadequate support for minority religious sites and community development. Most participants were unaware of their political representation through minority seats in the National Assembly. A lack of access to quality education and employment opportunities emerged as critical obstacles, exacerbated by limited health literacy and substandard healthcare facilities in minority-concentrated localities.Conclusion:The study concludes that intersecting factors—such as limited educational attainment, economic marginalization, political underrepresentation, and poor health awareness—contribute to the systemic discrimination faced by the Christian community. Furthermore, internalized marginality and a lack of empowerment among community members hinder collective advancement. Addressing these disparities requires targeted policy interventions, inclusive governance, and the active promotion of minority health, education, and political engagement.